Myopia: What is it? Who gets it? Why? And what can be done to help?

Myopia is being Short-sighted or Near-sighted.

Myopia is a refractive defect of the eye. The sufferer can usually can see nearby objects clearly, but distant objects appear blurred.

The opposite of myopia is farsightedness or Hyperopia.

Myopia is the most common eyesight problem in the world. About one quarter of the adult population in the USA has myopia. In places like Japan, Singapore and Taiwan, as many as one in three (or even one in two) of the adult population is myopic.

Myopia is measured in diopters; specifically, the strength of the corrective lens that must be used to allow your eye to focus distant images correctly on the retina. Myopia of 6.00 diopters or greater is classed as high or severe myopia.

People with high myopia are at greater risk of more acute eye problems such as retinal detachment or glaucoma. They are also more likely to experience floaters.

Myopia is generally believed to be hereditary and recent research has identified genes that may be responsible.

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Another theory suggests myopia is caused by weakening of the muscle which controls the eye's lens. The weak muscle cannot adjust the lens enough to see far distances, causing far-off things to be blurred. If correct, then myopia may be caused by doing lots of "near work", like reading books or using a computer screen all day.

Myopia is usually discovered during the pre-teen years, when children are between eight and twelve years old. It usually worsens as the eye grows during adolescence; then levels off as the person reaches adulthood.

Ophthalmologists usually correct myopia with corrective lenses, such as spectacles or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by refractive surgery, such as LASIK.

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